EMT Practice Test

1. Question Content...

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Question1: If you XOR 10111000 with 10101010, what is the result?

Question2: A number that is used only one time, then discarded is called what?

Question3: Which of the following uses an 80 bit key on 64 bit blocks?

Question4: Which of the following is a key exchange protocol?

Question5: Encryption of the same plain text with the same key results in the same cipher text. Use of an IV that is XORed with the first block of plain text solves this problem.

Question6: In a Feistel cipher, the two halves of the block are swapped in each round. What does this provide?

Question7: An authentication method that periodically re-authenticates the client by establishing a hash that is then resent from the client is called ______.

Question8: Which of the following statements is most true regarding binary operations and encryption?

Question9: Frank is trying to break into an encrypted file... He is attempting all the possible keys that could be used for this algorithm. Attempting to crack encryption by simply trying as many randomly generated keys as possible is referred to as what?

Question10: A 160-bit hash algorithm developed by Hans Dobbertin, Antoon Bosselaers, and Bart Preneel for which there are 128, 256 and 320-bit versions is called what?

Question11: Which one of the following attempts to hide data in plain view?

Question12: Which one of the following is an example of a symmetric key algorithm?

Question13: What advantage do symmetric algorithms have over asymmetric algorithms

Question14: RFC 1321 describes what hash?

Question15: Which of the following equations is related to EC?

Question16: Cryptographic hashes are often used for message integrity and password storage. It is important to understand the common properties of all cryptographic hashes. What is not true about a hash?

Question17: Which of the following is a substitution cipher used by ancient Hebrew scholars?

Question18: In a ______ the attacker discovers a functionally equivalent algorithm for encryption and decryption, but without learning the key.

Question19: In 1977 researchers and MIT described what asymmetric algorithm?

Question20: Which of the following algorithms uses three different keys to encrypt the plain text?

Question21: How can rainbow tables be defeated?

Question22: Which one of the following uses three different keys, all of the same size?

Question23: Storing private keys with a third party is referred to as what?

Question24: A cryptanalysis success where the attacker deduces the secret key.

Question25: Original, unencrypted information is referred to as ____.

Question26: This algorithm was published by the German engineering firm Seimans in 1993. It is a software based stream cipher using Lagged Fibonacci generator along with a concept borrowed from the shrinking generator ciphers.

Question27: Which of the following is generally true about key sizes?

Question28: In steganography, ________ is the data to be covertly communicated (in other words, it is the message you wish to hide).

Question29: In IPSec, if the VPN is a gateway-gateway or a host-gateway, then which one of the following is true?

Question30: Network of trusted certificate authority servers. Use asymmetric key pairs and combines software, encryption and services to provide a means of protecting security of business communication and transactions.

Question31: The reverse process from encoding - converting the encoded message back into its plaintext format.

Question32: Cylinder tool. Wrap leather around to decode. The diameter is the key. Used in 7th century BC by greek poet Archilochus.

Question33: Manipulating individuals so that they will divulge confidential information, rather than by breaking in or using technical cracking techniques.

Question34: What is the formula m^e %n related to?

Question35: What is a variation of DES that uses a technique called Key Whitening?

Question36: Which of the following is not a key size used by AES?

Question37: Which of the following was a multi alphabet cipher widely used from the 16th century to the early 20th century?

Question38: Which of the following is a block cipher?

Question39: With Cipher feedback (CFB) what happens?

Question40: What is the name of the attack where the attacker obtains the ciphertexts corresponding to a set of plaintexts of his own choosing?

Question41: Which of the following is assured by the use of a hash?

Question42: What is a TGS?

Question43: What is the largest key size that AES can use?

Question44: Bob's password is hashed, and so is John's. Even though they used different passwords, the hash is the same. What is this called?

Question45: Basic information theory is the basis for modern symmetric ciphers. Understanding the terminology of information theory is, therefore, important. If a single change of a single bit in the plaintext causes changes in all the bits of the resulting ciphertext, what is this called?

Question46: John is trying to explain the basics of cryptography to a group of young, novice, security students. Which one of the following most accurately defines encryption?

Question47: Jane is looking for an algorithm to ensure message integrity. Which of following would be an acceptable choice?

Question48: During the process of encryption and decryption, what keys are shared?

Question49: Denis is looking at an older system that uses DES encryption. A colleague has told him that DES is insecure due to a small key size. What is the key length used for DES?

Question50: What best describes the shifting of each letter a fixed number of spaces to the left or right?

Question51: WPA2 uses AES for wireless data encryption at which of the following encryption levels?

Question52: The mode makes a block cipher into a synchronous stream cipher. It generates keystream blocks, which are then XORed with the plaintext blocks to get the ciphertext.

Question53: Asymmetric encryption method developed in 1984. It is used in PGP implementations and GNU Privacy Guard Software. Consists of 3 parts: key generator, encryption algorithm, and decryption algorithm.

Question54: What is a "Collision attack" in cryptography?

Question55: If the round function is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom function, then ___________ rounds is sufficient to make the block cipher a pseudorandom permutation.

Question56: Which of the following asymmetric algorithms is described by U.S. Patent 5,231,668 and FIPS 186

Question57: This is a 128 bit hash that is specified by RFC 1321. It was designed by Ron Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function.

Question58: Which of the following Secure Hashing Algorithm (SHA) produces a 160-bit digest from a message with a maximum length of (264-1) bits and resembles the MD5 algorithm?

Question59: Ahlen is using a set of pre-calculated hashes to attempt to derive the passwords from a Windows SAM file. What is a set of pre-calculated hashes used to derive a hashed password called?

Question60: What size block does AES work on?

Question61: Created in 1977 by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman at MIT. Most widely used public key cryptography algorithm. Based on relationships with prime numbers. This algorithm is secure because it is difficult to factor a large integer composed of two or more large prime factors.

Question62: In relationship to hashing, the term _____refers to random bits that are used as one of the inputs to the hash. Essentially the ______ is intermixed with the message that is to be hashed

Question63: Which of the following is the successor of SSL?

Question64: Calculates the average LSB and builds a table of frequencies and Pair of Values. Performs a test on the two tables. It measures the theoretical vs. calculated population difference.

Question65: Which one of the following terms describes two numbers that have no common factors?

Question66: The art and science of writing hidden messages so that no one suspects the existence of the message, a type of security through obscurity. Message can be hidden in picture or audio file for example. Uses least significant bits in a file to store data.

Question67: The next number is derived from adding together the prior two numbers (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89).

Question68: How did the ATBASH cipher work?

Question69: Protocol suite provides a method of setting up a secure channel for protected data exchange between two devices.

Question70: Juanita is attempting to hide some text into a jpeg file. Hiding messages inside another medium is referred to as which one of the following?

Question71: With Electronic codebook (ECB) what happens:

Question72: A _____ is a function is not reversible.

Question73: A real time protocol for verifying certificates (and a newer method than CRL).